Explain why before exiting the dining room James says to Annie, "If it takes all summer, general"?

Here, James refers to Annie Sullivan as "General." This is ironic, as Captain Arthur Keller is Helen's father, and yet he has done little to rein Helen in. Instead, Annie Sullivan must take charge as the "general." In this quote, James appears to promise Annie his support. He bows to Annie and says, "If it takes all summer, General." This means that James approves of Annie taking charge of Helen's training, and he is content to be patient, even if it takes all summer to see the results of Annie's work.
In act two (which your quote is taken from), Helen has had a temper tantrum. To date, she has been accustomed to snatching food from everyone's plate. However, Annie simply isn't interested in humoring her young charge. Each time Helen tries to grab some food from Annie's plate, the stalwart educator grabs Helen's hand.
As Helen is not used to having her will thwarted, she resorts to a full-blown temper tantrum. Meanwhile, Annie is unrepentant. Despite Captain Arthur Keller's angry protestations, she orders him and his wife, Kate, out. Annie even tells Viney (the servant) to stay out while she deals with Helen. Before James himself walks out, he addresses Annie. His words demonstrate his willingness to trust Annie. James is content to be patient, even if it takes all summer for Annie to rein Helen in.

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