How did immigration affect social and economic development in America from 1800 to the twentieth century?

During the 1800s and 1900s, immigrant had a significant social and economic effect on the United States. There were two major immigration waves. There was the Old Immigration wave (1840-1890) and the New Immigration wave (after 1890). Immigrants from northern and western Europe moved to the United States during the old wave and immigrants from southern and eastern Europe moved to the United States during the new wave. Drawn to the United States for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to democracy and economic opportunities, these immigrants brought their unique customs and cultures to the northeastern, southwestern, and western areas of the U.S. The immigrants caused cities to grow. This was largely due to the economic opportunities in large cities such as New York City and Boston. The populations in these cities skyrocketed.
Therefore, the immigrants, including women and children, caused the number of factory workers to proliferate. The immigrants also became carpenters, bricklayers, and street vendors. Thus, immigrants contributed to the spread of industry. Since immigrants often had low-paying jobs, they often had hard city lives. This economic situation affected Americans socially because immigrants from certain ethnic groups tended to work together and cluster together into the same neighborhoods. The immigrants liked to live close to where they worked. Groups such as the Italians and Irish liked to keep their families together and work at the same places. Immigrants in large cities often lived in tenements, which frequently lacked running water. This sanitation situation was often poorly handled. However, settlement homes were formed to help immigrants learn how to communicate in the native language. Teachers had these settlement homes, such as Hull House, also taught immigrant children how to cook and clean.
Sometimes the immigrants were often socially mistreated by nativists groups who harbored prejudices against the immigrants' ways and cultures. The nativists were groups of native-born Americans who desired to keep immigrants, particularly Jews and Catholics, from coming to the United States. Moreover, the nativists sought to keep the Chinese from moving to the United by forcing the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped immigration from China for ten years. The Chinese could do nothing to prevent the passage of this act. However, despite nativist efforts, immigrants largely continued to enter the United States and have effects on the economic and social conditions of the country.

Immigration impacted the social development of the United States. When immigrants came to this country, many settled in ethnic neighborhoods in large cities. In these neighborhoods, they could speak their own language and practice their own customs. By settling in neighborhoods such Little Italy and Chinatown, immigrants could learn about American ways of living from people of their own background, allowing these immigrants to get a foothold in the country while still maintaining some aspects of the culture and tradition from their homeland. Additionally, immigration contributed to the development of the diversity of the country, as people from all parts of the world settled in the United States, bringing with them their unique cultural characteristics.
Immigrants impacted the country economically because many of these immigrants provided a large supply of workers who could work in various jobs. Many immigrants did unskilled or physical labor such as running machines, working in mines, or building railroads. These immigrants added to the supply of available workers, which helped to keep wages lower and enabled these companies to increase their profit levels. Immigrants also helped to increase the demand for products and services, which benefitted American companies as well as the economy.