How did globalization effect foreign policy in the 1990's?
Foreign policy became increasingly linked to trade policy in this period. Perhaps the most important event was the end of the Soviet Union in 1991 and thus the end of the Cold War. This meant that countries of the former Soviet Union became transformed from geopolitical threats to potential trading partners of the west and lower-wage countries to which manufacturing could be outsourced as well as potential markets for the west.
The European Union was established by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. The initial creation of the Common Market followed by the EU, and its subsequent expansion, exemplify this notion of foreign policy working hand in hand with trade policy to facilitate both movement of goods and people and foster closer political and economic ties among nations. A similar synergy can be seen in the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement which signaled both economic and political cooperation. Perhaps the most ambitious organization growing out of globalization was the World Trade Organization, formed in 1995, which regulates international trade.
What these organizations do is move many of the economic aspects of foreign policy from bilateral agreements to multi-lateral talking shops, facilitating globalization by reducing barriers to trade and creating a more global and stable regulatory environment.
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