In The Time of the Butterflies, how was the name of the underground resistance movement founded? What distinctly was each of the four Mirabel sisters' role in contributing to the revolution in part 2 of the novel?

Looking more broadly at the novel, outside of the section you indicated, the girls first come to agitate against the system through their association with Lio, the revolutionary. Maria Teresa at first thinks that her sister, Minerva, is in love with Lio. As the younger sister, she often is left out of happenings among her older siblings. It is not until she is at university, following Minerva in pursuit of a law degree, that Minerva explains what is happening: through Lio, she and her husband, Manolo, have become part of an underground movement that is mounting a resistance to the government. In Maria's diary, she explains how she has become part of a cell with her college roommate, her only role now to wait for "Palomino," the code name of her designated agent. Soon enough, Maria and "Palomino" are married.
Patria, who is older, comes to the revolution independently, through her church. The two groups merge in Patria's home, but it is Patria's padre who first signals to her what is going on as she joins the ACC.
Dede, "the survivor," does not join the resistance "until it was already too late." Her husband, Jaimito, is opposed to the revolution. Patria explains to Dede that "we're all in it," describing the cells and the process, and eventually, after initially declining, Dede ventures to attend a meeting at Patria's house without her husband. Initially she is afraid of losing her children, but she soon comes to realize that her sisters are right and the revolution is too important to ignore.


As you state in your question, you can find the answer to this towards the end of Part II of the novel. It is Minerva who gives this movement its name, suggesting the movement "name ourselves after the men who died in the mountains." Minerva and Patria are the driving forces behind the movement's foundation: Minerva's existing group, which she had started with Manolo almost a year previously, is merged with the ACC in Patria's house, which "became the motherhouse of the movement." In the kitchen of Patria's home, a group of forty revolutionaries begin to make bombs, count out ammunition, and learn to load and fire weapons in order to mount an effective resistance.
The younger sister, Dede, is wary of committing to the movement and will not give permission for meetings to take place on their family farm, which is why they have resorted to Patria's house, although it is less fit for purpose. Patria's determination and commitment to the movement also enables her to convince her husband, Pedrito, that hosting it in their home and working towards its goals together is in the best interests of their family and their beliefs, although he has previously mounted objections to Patria's close involvement.

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