Onboard Note

Charlie is the protagonist of The Perks of Being a Wallflower (1999). Holden is the central character in The Catcher in the Rye (1951).  What do these two characters have in common? Quite a lot, though there are also key differences (like the fact that Charlie lives in the suburbs of Pittsburgh, while Holden lives in New York City. These environments shape their lives and experiences: Charlie is more sheltered than Holden). Let's go over some of the key similarities.  They're both teenage boys. Charlie is 15 when the story begins; Holden is 16 when his story begins. They've both endured trauma. There are several events we could mention here, but both characters have lost important figures in their lives. Holden's older brother, Allie, is dead, and Charlie's best friend committed suicide. They're both navigating the border between childhood and adulthood. Holden is anxious to grow up; in fact, he feels he already is grown up in certain ways. He's tall and alr...

Find the indefinite integral $\displaystyle \int \frac{x}{(x^2 + 1)^2} dx$ If we let $u = x^2 + 1$, then $du = 2x dx$, so $\displaystyle xdx = \frac{1}{2} du$. And $ \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \int \frac{x}{(x^2 + 1)^2} dx =& \int \frac{1}{(x^2 + 1)^2} xdx \\ \\ \int \frac{x}{(x^2 + 1)^2} dx =& \int \frac{1}{u^2} \frac{1}{2} du \\ \\ \int \frac{x}{(x^2 + 1)^2} dx =& \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{u^2} du \\ \\ \int \frac{x}{(x^2 + 1)^2} dx =& \frac{1}{2} \int u^{-2} du \\ \\ \int \frac{x}{(x^2 + 1)^2} dx =& \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{u^{-2 + 1}}{-2 + 1} + C \\ \\ \int \frac{x}{(x^2 + 1)^2} dx =& \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{u^{-1}}{-1} + C \\ \\ \int \frac{x}{(x^2 + 1)^2} dx =& \frac{-1}{2u} + C \\ \\ \int \frac{x}{(x^2 + 1)^2} dx =& \frac{-1}{2 (x^2 + 1)} + C \end{aligned} \end{equation} $

Well, this is an interesting question, especially stopping there. Start by being very clear: the poet does not say much directly about the person being addressed. It is all implied or communicated through the speaker discussing herself. Start with the first line—"Remember me when I am gone away." The person addressed is close enough to the speaker that she can ask him or her to remember after departure. The person addressed is also going to stay when the speaker leaves. Go to the second line: "Gone far way into the silent land." The speaker is dying, or planning for death, and by implication, the person addressed is not. The person being addressed is either not ill or not old. The third line reads, "When you can no more hold me by the hand." You would only say this to someone who took you by the hand, and repeatedly. These people are close. They might be lovers; they certainly love one another. The final line "Nor I half turn to go yet turning stay...

Emerson's essay "Self-Reliance" is a passionate appeal to radical individualism. People have lost their way, Emerson argues; they pay so much reverence to institutions of Education, Government, and Religion that they can no longer think for themselves. This has led to a gradual decay of the very institutions the people revere, because no original thought is keeping them relevant. Society is moribund, chained to its past, and the only way to fix it is to cast off the past entirely. "Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist," says Emerson, for "nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." If a person wishes to live—to truly live, and not merely play at living by following all the rules society dictates—then that person must be true to themselves in all things, at all times, regardless of what anyone else thinks. Emerson asks, What have I to do with the sacredness of traditions, if I live wholly from within? Traditions are a part of ...

The guiding principle for determining valency is the Octet Rule. This states that all atoms will prefer to have a full valency shell. In practice, this doesn't always mean there must be eight electrons, and with only the molecular formula to work with, we have to incorporate a little of our own background knowledge of oxygen and hydrogen. Practically speaking, it's much more straightforward to use the periodic table and know what the ground state valency for each element is before you start. We know there are two hydrogens bound to the oxygen atom, which means there must be at least a single bond in each case (we would need more than the molecular formula if there were double or triple bonds). Each single bond provides one extra electron, so we know this provides two electrons to the oxygen in total. If these two electrons satisfy the Octet Rule, then the oxygen is happy and its valency must be 6. Likewise, the hydrogens must have a valency of one because we know there's on...

Two of the biggest areas in which modern society is still feeling the effects of the Columbian Exchange today are food and diseases. The trade industry exploded after Columbus reached the New World. Europe had crops and other items that the New World lacked, like rice, apples, bananas, and even horses, which revolutionized transportation for Native Americans and prompted many tribes to adopt a more nomadic lifestyle, particularly those who lived in the mountains. The New World, meanwhile, had potatoes, tomatoes, maize, tobacco, and other crops that Columbus and his fellow travelers had never before encountered. They also sent domesticated animals like llamas and alpacas back across the Atlantic. In short, Columbus's trip proved that a trade route was possible, and once both sides realized they had goods the other didn't, the overseas trade of non-native products boomed. We consume many of the results of this trading today. But there were stowaways. As transatlantic trade flouri...

An outcome evaluation examines the changes created by a program, while a process evaluation looks at how the change (or changes) was created. The study by Scott (2000) examined the effectiveness of a mobile crisis unit that handled 911 calls. The study looked at mostly outcome variables but included a process variable as well. The researchers studied the demographic variables, hospitalization rates, and arrest rates of 73 psychiatric emergencies treated by the mobile care unit. They also measured the costs of these interventions and compared all of these variables to 58 psychiatric emergency situations treated by the police in 1995. The researchers also collected data about consumers' and police officers' satisfaction with the program. They found that the mobile unit was able to handle 58% of the cases without hospitalization, compared to 28% of the cases handled by the police, a difference that was significantly significant. The costs per case were 23% lower in the mobile unit...